Suppletion Definition and Examples in English Grammar

In morphology, suppletion is the use of two or more phonetically distinct roots for different forms of the same word, such as the adjective bad and its suppletive comparative form worse. Adjective: suppletive. According to  Peter O. Mà ¼ller et al., the term strong  suppletion is  used where the allomorphs are highly dissimilar and/or have different etymological origins, as in the adjective forms good and best. We speak of weak suppletion if some similarity is discernible, as in the words five and fifth (Word-Formation: An International Handbook of the Languages of Europe, 2015). Examples and Observations Bad - worse is a case of suppletion. Worse is clearly semantically related to bad in exactly the same way as, for example, larger is related to large, but there is no morphological relationship between the two words, i.e. there is no phonetic similarity between them.(J.R. Hurford et al., Semantics: A Coursebook, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 2007)Suppletion is said to take place when the syntax requires a form of a lexeme that is not morphologically predictable. In English, the paradigm for the verb be is characterized by suppletion. Am, are, is, was, were, and be have completely different phonological shapes, and they are not predictable on the basis of the paradigms of other English verbs. We also find suppletion with pronouns. Compare I and me or she and her. Suppletion is most likely to be found in the paradigms of high-frequency words. . ..(Mark Aronoff and Kirsten Fudeman, What Is Morphology? 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell, 2011) Good, Better, Best The forms good, better and best, which belong to the adjective good . . . show suppletion since the relationship between the morphs representing the root morpheme is phonologically arbitrary. It would plainly make no sense to claim that there is a single underlying representation in the dictionary from which go and went or good and better are derived. The best we can do is to content ourselves with listing these allomorphs together under the same entry in the dictionary. (Francis Katamba, English Words, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2005) Origins of the Forms of Be and Go The Old English verb for be, like its Modern English counterpart, combined forms of what were originally four different verbs (seen in the present-day forms be, am, are, was). Paradigms that thus combine historically unrelated forms are called suppletive.Another suppletive verb is gan go, whose preterit eode was doubtless from the same Indo-European root as the Latin verb eo go. Modern English has lost the eode preterit but has found a new suppletive form for go in went, the irregular preterit of wend (compare send-sent). (John Algeo and Thomas Pyles, The Origins and Development of the English Language, 5th ed. Thomson Wadsworth, 2005). Origin of the Term  Suppletion in Linguistics The term suppletion gradually makes its way into grammatical descriptions and other linguistic works in the late 19th century (Osthoff 1899; Thomas 1899:79). In grammars it was probably triggered by the preceding notion of a defective paradigm; e.g. if a verb lacks a form in a certain category, it is supplied by some other verb.In linguistic theory of the 20th century, suppletion came to be fully established as a concept with the advent of structuralism, where the relation between form and meaning as well as the understanding of paradigmatic relationships became very important for a synchronic language description. (Ljuba N. Veselinova, Suppletion in Verb Paradigms: Bits and Pieces of the Puzzle. John Benjamins, 2006) Etymology From the Latin, to supply, make up a whole Pronunciation: se-PLEE-shen

Future Trends in Crisis Intervention Free Essays

Future Trends in Crisis Intervention Abstract Mental Health Paraprofessionals (MHPP) will work with the client and family on behavioral issues that occur in the home, school, and community. The MHPP serves on the treatment team and assists professional staff with the execution of the treatment plan. They also assist with securing community services that might be available to the client and the client’s family. We will write a custom essay sample on Future Trends in Crisis Intervention or any similar topic only for you Order Now The purpose of intensive Mental Health Paraprofessional Intervention is to enable the client to be maintained in the most normalized, least restrictive setting as possible, and to prevent unnecessary, inappropriate institutionalization. This paper discusses an overview paraprofessionals, the impact the paraprofessionals have on the field, the challenges that organizations are faced, and how to manage with the implemented changes. Future Trends in Crisis Intervention As the population in the United States continues to climb the need for human services professionals does the same. Human service agencies are often face the dilemmas of being over-worked and under paid. Professionals in this field are often prone to burnout because of these dilemmas. Sadly, human service agencies are often the first to experience budget cuts. These budget cuts affect the human service professional’s organization, facility, coworkers, pay, clients, and their personal moral. Leading officials of many human service organizations are noticing the affects of these dilemmas and are trying proactive approaches in solving the epidemics. As a result, the paraprofessional is becoming increasingly popular as the organization can fill the much needed worker positions and assist in alleviating clinician case load. This paper discusses the impact of this trend on the human services field and how the trend will impact the practice of crisis intervention in the future. The challenges faced as a result of the impact, and how the worker can proactively deal with this expanding trend is also covered. It is vital for these services to keep up with the demand and save as much of the valuable budget money. The Paraprofessional Counseling paraprofessionals are bachelor’s level graduates whom have completed a course in order to become certified as a paraprofessional. Paraprofessionals generally work in mental health centers, crisis units, day treatment programs and group homes. Generally they provide direct care to patients, where as a counselor, psychologist or psychiatrist offer more specified trained services. Treatment centers will employ support staff to work directly with their patients; counseling center paraprofessionals (CCP) are distinctly different from other support staff (Barrios amp; Perlas, 2010). They hold a certification in working with the mentally ill and a bachelor’s degree while certified counseling technicians (CCT) have a similar certification, but hold a high school diploma instead of a bachelor’s degree (Barrios amp; Perlas, 2010). Some treatment centers will also hire direct service professionals that do not have CCP or CCT certifications, but generally, those whom hold a certification are in higher demand and are more employable. Contact of a Paraprofessional The main purpose of a CCP is to interact directly with patients in their care; this may involve setting and enforcing rules on unit, organizing daily activities, and helping with chores or other similar duties. According to Christine Wyman (2012), â€Å"They often have more contact with clients that much of the other staff, including doctors, psychologists, and therapists, as the CCP is usually in charge of the client’s day to day activities. † Though the CCP performs less specialized work, they often have the most insight into individual clients. Because of the constant contact they are an invaluable member of the treatment team. With how often CCP’s get to observe patients on a daily basis they are able to pick up on behavior patterns that other staff may not see. They are also able to see how various treatments affect a patient in their daily lives. Some CCPs are designated to work one on one with a single client. A CCP in this role is often assigned as such because a client has a particular need. â€Å"Such needs could include but are not limited to helping a client with severe cognitive or physical limitations, watching a client whom is a danger to himself or others or working with a client whose treatment goals involve intensive one on one work† (Wyman, 2012). Impact There are many ways that the use of counseling center paraprofessionals can benefit the organization. One of the many benefits of the paraprofessional in the human service career field could be that they require less training than typical clinician or other human service professional. That way the CCP is able to become certified and begin work in a much shorter time frame then someone who is going through all the required schooling and testing to become a licensed professional. Another aspect deals with the lesser amount of pay therefore saving the organization money. With the way budgets are being cut it is important to stretch every dollar as much as possible. â€Å"Someone without the education or licensure will not be able to do as much as a professional and therefore require less pay therefore saving money for other areas it is needed† (Barrios ;amp; Perlas, 2010). Since CCP’s spend a great deal of time with the patients they serve as valuable member of the treatment team in helping diagnose issues and observe if prescribed treatments are working. With the CCP’s doing this then that opens up the professionals to work with more clients on a one on one basis. Challenges Paraprofessionals in the human services field can be considered both an important asset and a nuisance to the clinicians and the clients served. With all the good that a paraprofessional brings the position also has some negatives. During this tumultuous economy, districts find themselves entertaining a variety of solutions as a means of tackling severe budget reductions, and colleges are faced with the impossible task of providing quality student services without adequate resources. As a result, paraprofessionals may have absorbed additional duties previously performed by a robust counseling department. Also the CCP’s can be improperly trained or supervised. Because of these two occurrences the care provided can suffer. When people are overworked they are more likely to suffer from burnout. In this case the lack of CCP’s can cause burnout on behalf of the professionals and if the CCP’s are doing more than they should they can become burnt out. Managing Paraprofessional responsibilities should not extend beyond information dissemination. When the duties expand into goal setting, planning or decision making, the paraprofessional has overstepped his/her professional boundaries. It is recommended that paraprofessional roles and duties be assessed to ensure that paraprofessionals do not extend beyond their primary job description (Barrios ;amp; Perlas, 2010). If paraprofessionals are utilized, proper training and supervision are imperative. Both training and supervision should be conducted with counselors taking an active role in both. Training methods could include individual one-on-one trainings, small group trainings, or an in-service training to the greater college community in order to differentiate the goals and responsibilities between counselors and paraprofessionals. Trainings and supervision should include clearly defined responsibilities and a counselor referral process. Identification badges, that include name and position, should be provided along with ethical and confidentiality regulations. Closing Crisis Intervention Counseling plays an important role and benefits many people in their time of need. With the direction of society and the numerous budget cuts that are implemented each year, the affected organizations that provide these services must find the best way to survive. In hiring counseling center paraprofessionals the group takes some of the pressure off of the professionals and spread the work out more evenly. This move also saves the organization money on a tight budget. There are many issues that face the human service field and counseling in the future but one major is the funding. CCP’s can do a lot to solve this issue now and in the future as budgets for these services get cut even more. How to cite Future Trends in Crisis Intervention, Papers

Air Industry for Pilots and Flight Attendants-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theAir Industry for Pilots and Flight Attendants. Answer: The airline industry offers service to nearly every part of the world and therefore is seen as a fundamental part of the global economy stabilizer. The airline industry itself as an economic power also assists some other related industries to grow (Vasigh Fleming, 2016). However, there are a number of challenges that the industry undergoes during its operation. Therefore, this paper will mainly address the expenses and costs that the air industry faces and how they have a resultant effect on the ticket prices and flying occurrences. Operating an airline industry is not arguably expensive especially when it comes to the management of the labor force. The labor of managing an airline industry accounts to about 35% of the total airlines operating expenses. This ranges from hiring the pilots, flight attendants among other management teams. The cost of paying the salaries to the entire flight staff is usually huge. As such, the flight management must consider this factor in the ticket pricing in order to generate some profits. Also, fuel cost for the airline industry is usually very expensive. Fuel cost represents one of the largest chunks of airline industry expenditure. Averagely, fuel expenses account for about 29% of all the operational expenditure. Jet fuel is the main type of fuel which is used by the passenger carrier flights among other aircrafts. This fuel is usually a product of oil and therefore the two are correlated. With the fluctuation of oil in the global market, the jet fuel is usually affected too. Therefore, when the oil prices go up the passenger tickets and other air transport means are also likely to increases so that the industry can realize some profits. Flight catering is becoming a more important event in the air industry. For instance, a large airline which moves over long distances is required to serve its passengers on board with meals and other required necessities. Therefore, it is required to load thousands of items before it flies (Bieger and Wittmer, 2006). These items not only range from meals but also toilet papers, newspapers, headsets among other necessities. The food items are usually fresh while other in-flight equipment for crew and passengers use tends to be recyclables. The current airline industry is very competitive and therefore the industry that provides the best onboard services are the most preferred by the passenger. Therefore, the industry has to incur a lot of costs to achieve this. In the long run, the cost of passenger tickets may also be affected. Furthermore, insurance is also a major key expense that the industry faces. Aviation insurance is usually meant to cover uncertainties in the operations of the aircraft and the risks involved in the aviation industry (Pearlson et al., 2013). The aviation policies are usually different from other modes of transport. This is because they tend to cover aviation terminology, limits, and clauses specific insurance. These insurance are usually expensive and adds cost to the operation of the airline. There are various types of aviation airlines that range from public liability, passenger liability, combined single limit, ground risk insurance and inflight insurance (Belobaba et al., 2015). Air industry also faces fees that are associated with the landing of their airlines in different airports across the world. Landing fee is usually paid by a particular aircraft so as to gain access to a landing space. The amount of fees to be paid for landing, however, varies among different airports (Miller Chen, 2004). This may result due to availability and the number of aircrafts operating the same airport. Those airports that are congested may charge a higher landing fee to create a free space for landing. The money that is collected from the landing fee is in most cases used in the maintenance of the runways, airport buildings, and taxiways. Such fees also contribute to the pricing of a passenger ticket. Overflight fees are another cost that the air industry must adhere to so as to become efficient in their operation. Every country in which the long-distance flights have to pass through imposes charges for using their airspace (Cento, 2008). Therefore, this affects the air industry to some extent. Conclusion The air industry is one of the sectors that are crucial in the global economic drive. However, this sector is faced with a number of challenges ranging from fuel cost, labor cost, airport fees, insurance and catering costs. These costs do have a resultant effect on the passenger tickets in order to realize the expected profits. However, the industry is investing in the alternatives to achieve an effective cost-cutting to even increase their profits in operation. With the current decrease in the jet fuel prices, the industry is projected to make a tremendous profit and affordable passenger prices. References Belobaba, P., Odoni, A., Barnhart, C. (Eds.). (2015).The global airline industry. John Wiley Sons. Bieger, T., Wittmer, A. (2006). Air transport and tourismPerspectives and challenges for destinations, airlines and governments.Journal of Air Transport Management,12(1), 40- 46. Cento, A. (2008).The airline industry: challenges in the 21st century. Springer Science Business Media. Miller, D., Chen, M. J. (2004). Sources and consequences of competitive inertia: A study of the US airline industry.Administrative science quarterly, 1-23. Pearlson, M., Wollersheim, C., Hileman, J. (2013). A techno?economic review of hydroprocessed renewable esters and fatty acids for jet fuel production.Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining,7(1), 89-96. Vasigh, B., Fleming, K. (2016).Introduction to air transport economics: from theory to applications. Routledge.

Tuesdays With Morrie Tuesdays With Morries Essay Example For Students

Tuesdays With Morrie Tuesdays With Morries Essay Tuesdays With Morrie Tuesdays With Morrie is a true novel based upon an older dying mans outlook on life. Throughout the story, the older man teaches his past We will write a custom essay on Tuesdays With Morrie Tuesdays With Morries specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now student about life as his body is slowly withering away from the Lou Gehrigs Disease. CHARACTER DEVELOPMENT: Morrie Schwartz (the older man) teaches his student, Mitch Albom, what really matters in life. The only way that I can begin to describe Morries character, is to quote an excerpt from pg. 10 regarding his reaction after being diagnosed: But my old professor had a profound decision, one he began to construct the day he came out of the doctors office with a sword hanging over his head. Do I wither up and disappear, or do I make the best of my time left? He asked himself. He would not wither. He would not be ashamed of dying. Instead he would make death his final project, the center point of his days. Since everyone was going to die, he could be of great value, right? He could be research. A human textbook. Study me in my slow and patient demise. Watch what happens to me. Learn with me. Morrie would walk that final bridge between life and death, and narrate the trip. Based on his decision not to wither up and die, and instead use his dying, as an opportunity to teach others what truly matters in life, shows how unselfish and positive he really was. Morrie didnt see his time spent ill as a waste, instead, he said, and I quote, I mourn my dwindling time, but I cherish the chance it gives me to make things right. (Pg. 167) As a way to further carry out Morries wish to be useful, both Morrie and Mitch decided to meet every Tuesday to study and discuss lifes greatest lessons. Not only do we see evidence of Morries character, we also see a change in Mitch and his values. With Morrie as a guide, Mitch begins to understand that money, and materialistic wealth, have less significance than things such as relationships, forgiveness, and love. IMAGERY: An excerpt from the book, which related to imagery, was what Morrie referred to as detachment. As he was recovering from a violent coughing spell, he began to explain to Mitch the ability to detach yourself from your emotions. He believed that experiencing life and the emotions that go along with each situation were very important. Morrie explained to Mitch that it was necessary to experience and feel your emotions fully rather than ignore them or pretend that they dont exist as so many of us do. This is more fully explained in an excerpt from pg. 105: Morries approach was exactly the opposite. Turn on the faucet. Wash yourself with the emotion. It wont hurt you. It will only help. If you let the fear inside, if you pull it on like a familiar shirt, then you can say to yourself, All right, its just fear, I dont have to let it control me. I see it for what it is. Same for loneliness: you let go, let the tears flow, feel it completely-but eventually be able to say, All right, that was my moment with loneliness. Im not afraid of feeling lonely, but now Im going to put that loneliness aside and know that there are other emotions in the world, and Im going to experience them as well. When Morrie detaches himself from his emotions, he is not simply ignoring and blocking them, but experiencing them fully as well as separating himself .u919c2c82ec7a5814f15e733032e41199 , .u919c2c82ec7a5814f15e733032e41199 .postImageUrl , .u919c2c82ec7a5814f15e733032e41199 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u919c2c82ec7a5814f15e733032e41199 , .u919c2c82ec7a5814f15e733032e41199:hover , .u919c2c82ec7a5814f15e733032e41199:visited , .u919c2c82ec7a5814f15e733032e41199:active { border:0!important; } .u919c2c82ec7a5814f15e733032e41199 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u919c2c82ec7a5814f15e733032e41199 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u919c2c82ec7a5814f15e733032e41199:active , .u919c2c82ec7a5814f15e733032e41199:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u919c2c82ec7a5814f15e733032e41199 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u919c2c82ec7a5814f15e733032e41199 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u919c2c82ec7a5814f15e733032e41199 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u919c2c82ec7a5814f15e733032e41199 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u919c2c82ec7a5814f15e733032e41199:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u919c2c82ec7a5814f15e733032e41199 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u919c2c82ec7a5814f15e733032e41199 .u919c2c82ec7a5814f15e733032e41199-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u919c2c82ec7a5814f15e733032e41199:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Breast Cancer Essayfrom them so that they will not control him. In this sense at least he can slightly escape the fear of his emotions without fully ignoring them. Morrie did not want to leave the world through a violent coughing spell, instead he wanted to understand what was happening to him, find acceptance in it, and be able to let go in a peaceful manner. THEME: The theme of this book is about an old dying man who teaches his young student .

How to Avoid DV Green Card Lottery Scams

How to Avoid DV Green Card Lottery Scams Millions of people enter the United States diversity visa program (better known as the green card lottery) each year hoping to be selected for one of the 50,000 immigrant visas. The lottery is free to enter, but there are many businesses who offer services to assist people with their applications. While many of these businesses are legitimate, some exist only to scam innocent people out of their money. The U.S. State Department warns applicants to be on the lookout for these frauds and scam artists. Following are 5 tips to help you avoid being scammed. There Is No Fee to Download, Complete and Submit the Electronic Diversity Visa Entry Form If a website or business wants to charge you a fee for entering the green card lottery, the money does not go to the U.S. government; this is a fee for the companys services. There are legitimate companies that provide fee-based services to help immigrant-hopefuls register in the lottery, however, these businesses have to follow the exact same procedures as you do to submit your registration. You should carefully consider whether you really need to pay someone to put through an application on your behalf that would cost you nothing to submit. No One Can Claim to Have a Special Procedure or Form to Increase Your Chances of Winning There are really only two ways you can increase your chances of winning: Submit an application that is complete, error-free and meets the eligibility requirements to avoid having your entry disqualified.If both you and your spouse are eligible for the lottery, you can apply separately. If one of you wins, the other spouse can enter the country on the winning spouses visa. Watch for Websites Posing as U.S. Government Websites The website name may look like a government site with a similar-sounding name as a government agency, with flags and official-looking seals decorating the site and links to legitimate government addresses, but be careful the website could be an impostor. If the domain name doesnt end in .gov then it is not a government website. There is only one way to submit your diversity visa lottery entry, and thats through the U.S. State Department at www.dvlottery.state.gov. Some embassy websites do not have .gov as their domain, but you can link to the official U.S. embassies, consulates, and diplomatic missions websites. Green Card Lottery Winners Will Receive a Letter in the Mail The letter will contain  further instructions on how to complete the immigration process. Winners DO NOT receive notification by e-mail. If you are chosen as a lottery winner, an official letter from the U.S. Department of State Kentucky Consular Center in Williamsburg, Kentucky will be sent to the mailing address you provided in your application. You can check the status of your entry online at the E-DV website to confirm whether or not you are a winner. The online status check opens several months after the lottery registration period ends. If You Have Been Selected to Apply for a Diversity Visa, a Fee Will Be Required This application filing fee is  payable to the Department of State and  does not go to the person or business who submitted your lottery entry (if you paid someone for this service). No one is authorized by the Department of State to notify diversity visa lottery applicants of their winning entry, the next steps in the processing of applying for their visa or collect fees on behalf of the Department of State. Current fees for visa services are available on the Department of State website. Source U.S. State Department

Causes behind the Arab Spring Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Causes behind the Arab Spring - Essay Example In fact, nations like Iraq, Syria, and Iran were obstacles in the path of establishing a greater Israel which could control the whole Middle East. Thus, the best way to do so was to topple the ruling regime by working from within. In order to do so, it was necessary to create conflict between the various religious and ethnic groups by entering the nation in the name of protecting the minorities. A perfect example is Tunisia, which was once considered the best Economy in Africa. However, as Tunisian leader Ben Ali was in close contact with the West and NATO, it was easy for the West to manipulate the internal affairs. As Lalmi reports, soon, the corruption of Ben Ali was leaked through Wikileaks, and mass demonstrations hit the streets in no time. Soon, Ben Ali fled to Saudi Arabia. Very similar was the case of Egypt and Hosni Mubarak. Evidently, he was a man who was hated by most Arabs for his support of the West. Also, there were many more reasons ranging from his privatization of natural resources to foreign investors, supporting the attack on Iraq, and opposition to Hezbollah’s and Hamas’ armed fight against Israel. In order to promote uprisings, as Nixon reported in New York Times, various American groups including International Republican Institute, National Democratic Institute and Freedom House, and National Endowment for Democracy and Project on Middle East Democracy provided technical training in the use of social networking and mobile technology. In fact, the situation was very similar in Libya where Gaddafi was foolish enough to try to establish an African Union which would jeopardize the re-colonization plan and to develop a new currency to rival the American Dollar and the European Euro.

Risk management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Risk management - Assignment Example These are banks, insurance businesses, mutual funds, securities firms, investment banks and finance companies. A financial institution collects funds from private as well as public investors to use them in financial assets. Financial institutions play the role of mediators in share markets and debt security markets. Financial activities may include bonds, debentures, stocks, loans, risk diversification, insurance, hedging, retirement planning, investment, portfolio management, and many other related functions. Through these functions, funds get transferred to different tiers of economy for positively performing a business function (Babbel & Santomero 1997). When financial companies such as banks and insurance companies sell their products, they cover the risks which could be short-term or long-term risks. There are other companies called â€Å"Reinsurance companies† that sell policies to insurance companies to cover risk factors and save from big losses. Generally, reinsurance companies are big players and can write insurance risks directly. There is another type ‘captive insurance company’ that serves the limited aim of financing the risks of a parent company (Wikipedia 2010). Financial activities are risky business. From management perspective, some financial risks can be such that can be removed by following standard business practices, some risks can be shifted to other participant , and some financial risks must be managed proactively by the institution itself. Financial companies have their own financial risk management systems involving risk management techniques (Babbel & Santomero 1997). Generally, financial institutions, being the principal functionaries, use their own balance sheets to realise a transaction and mitigate the risks involved. Thus, most of the risks are for on-balance-sheet businesses. Financial institutions estimate